Which of the following are considered building costs?

Building costs primarily refer to those expenses directly tied to the construction process. Labor, material, and equipment costs are integral components of this category. Labor costs cover the wages and benefits for workers involved in building activities, such as carpenters, electricians, and other trades. Material costs encompass all the physical items necessary for construction, including concrete, lumber, steel, and fixtures. Equipment costs involve the rental or purchase of machinery and tools needed for construction, such as cranes, bulldozers, and scaffolding.

Understanding these costs is crucial, as they represent the core financial components that impact the overall budget of a construction project. By managing these costs effectively, a construction team can ensure a project remains within budget and is completed efficiently. The other options listed refer to additional expenses that may arise during a project but do not directly relate to the actual construction process.